Japanese military flags

Japan 1913 and 1941: the ensign is the same as today, white with a red disc slightly to the hoist with rays (16 to be precise) extending from the disc to the edges of the flag. The rays are the same as if the flag were gyrony of 32 gules and argent.
Nathan Augustine, 05 December 1995

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The naval flag was introduced in 1889 and that has 16 rays extending from the Sun "Mon" to the edge of the flag. The flag was "banned" by the Treaty of San Francisco which prevent Japan from having her own armed forces, but in 1952 she started to build up "self-defence" forces. The naval forces readopted the naval ensign in 1954.

I believe, but may be mistaken, that the naval flag was also the war flag in the Second World War, in which case it would have been used by Japanese soldiers and bases. This may be why you think they removed the rays from the flag, but in fact both flags existed at the same time. The modern land "self-defence" force uses a flag with 8 rays with a gold edge (made of two shallow triangles on each edge).
Graham Bartram, 9 November 1998

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Graham is correct in noting that both the army and the navy had a version of the Rising sun flag (Hinomaru) with rays; the naval version was off-set, with the red sun closer to the lanyard side, while the army's version (which was part of the regimental colors) was more centered.

Today, the Jietai (Japanese Self Defense Forces) use the red sun Hinomaru flag as the national standard, but only the Maritime Self Defense Forces fly the rayed Rising Sun flag.
M.J. Vieira, 27 June 2005

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The Naval Ensign was first adopted on October 7, 1889 and used until the end of World War II and re-adopted on June 30, 1954 as a Naval Ensign used by Japanese Maritime Self Defense Forces.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 6 February 2000

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Anyone who has tried to draw the Japanese naval ensign will know that the 32 rays placed at 11.25degree intervals will not fit correctly (i.e. with rays at the corners) into a flag of 2:3. As far as I can see, there are two ways to do it, one is to alter the proportions of the flag, and the other is to adjust the rays, and for years I wondered how the Japanese did it?

A couple of years ago I managed to get a faxed copy (from Whitney Smith) of the law, which revived the flag, and (whilst it was in Japanese) fortunately had an illustration.
Christopher Southworth, 24 January 2003

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I asked a JAVA member who is working for flag manufacturer about your question. His answer is to adjust rays to the flag but not change  proportion. Actually they hide rays with hoist edge. He has an official document showing flag specification but there is no statement on how to adjust rays  with 11.25 degree intervals. He is surprised to see Christopher notice this strange specification on naval ensign.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 27 January 2003

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based on an illustration attached to the 1954 Law that restored it (a copy of which I have on file) and upon the 1939 Edition of the Flaggenbuch [neu39] a disc diameter of 1/2 the width, with its centre located on the horizontal meridian 7/18 of flag length from the hoist. In other words in a flag of 12 units x 18 units the disc is 6 units in diameter and is centred at a point 7 units from the hoist.
Chris Southworth, 20 February 2007

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The diameter of sun disc is 1/2 of width according to laws of 7 October 1889 for the Imperial naval ensign and on 30 June 1954 for the Marine Self Defence Force ensign.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 20 February 2007

The masthead pendant, in its present form, was adopted by Naval Insignia Order No. 11 of 11 January 1914; it was abolished following the Japanese surrender of 14 August 1945 and re-introduced by Defence Agency Notice No. 2 dated 28 January 1956.
Christopher Southworth, 2 May 2004

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The triangular pennant is in ratio between 1:40 and 1:90, with the hoist part in ratio 2:3, containing a simplified variant of the naval ensign - the sun disk being in its center, with diameter half the hoist size. The eight rays are such to cover at edges about 1/5 of the hoist size, the diagonal rays border only with the top and bottom sides.
Željko Heimer, 2 May 2004

This flag was adopted by a Law/Order/Decree published in the Official Gazette of 30 June 1954.
Christopher Southworth, 5 May 2004

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The Army Flag is often quoted in ratio 8:9, but this is only approximate. This is because it is only the length that is prescribed as 108.9 cm, and the angle of the diagonal is 50°. The trigonometry thus yields the height to approximately 91.378 cm.

The central red disk diameter is prescribed to 41.5 cm. The rays are made so that the edges they form angles 19, 21, 26 and 24 degrees. The "indentations" to make place for the yellow irregular triangles along borders are such that the imaginary line extending from the edge between two fields is 5.6 cm long from the edge.
Željko Heimer, 5 May 2004